Nihilism

Noun

Definition: The belief that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value.

Definition: The rejection of religious or moral principles, often accompanied by a sense of despair or pessimism.

Synonyms: Cynicism, Skepticism, Atheism

Antonyms: Belief, Faith, Optimism

Examples:

Their philosophy of nihilism led them to question the existence of any universal truths.
Nihilism often arises from a deep disillusionment with societal norms and values.

Mnemonics:

Think of "nothing-ism" - the belief in nothing.
"Nihilism" sounds similar to "annihilation," which can relate to the rejection or denial of meaningful existence.

Etymology:

Origin:

The word "nihilism" derives from the Latin word "nihil," meaning "nothing."

Historical Usage:

The term "nihilism" first emerged in the mid-19th century, associated with Russian author Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons." It gained further prominence with the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and his exploration of the consequences of a world without inherent values or meaning.

Related Idioms:

Idiom:

"Nihilism is the precursor to anarchy."

Explanation:

This phrase suggests that nihilism, by rejecting established beliefs and values, can pave the way for chaos or disorder.

Misconceptions:

Misconception:

Nihilism necessarily implies a lack of purpose or meaning in an individual's life, leading to apathy or indifference.

Explanation:

While nihilism questions objective meaning and rejects religious or moral principles, individuals may still find subjective purpose or create their own value systems within the framework of nihilistic beliefs. Nihilism does not automatically lead to apathy, but rather opens up a space for personal exploration and individual interpretation of existence.